Articles, Alerts & Perspectives

Pittsburgh, PA and Washington, DC

FNREL Water Law Newsletter

(by Lisa M. Bruderly, Jessica Deyoe and Mackenzie Moyer)

On January 4, 2025, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) announced the availability of draft Technical Guidance for Maintaining Freeboard and Dewatering of Well Development Impoundments for Unconventional Oil and Gas Operations (Draft Guidance). See 55 Pa. Bull. 146 (Jan. 4, 2025).

The purpose of this Draft Guidance is to assist unconventional operators with how to comply with the Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law and associated regulations regarding freeboard maintenance and dewatering of well development impoundments (WDI) through land application of excess water. The Draft Guidance discusses dewatering when there is no liner in the impoundment, such as during construction and restoration phases, as well as when there is a liner in the impoundment during operational and decommissioning phases. It advises how excess water due to precipitation should be managed during construction, operation, decommissioning, and restoration phases of WDIs to prevent WDIs from overflowing and undermining the structural integrity of the WDI.

For example, before a liner is installed, or after a liner is removed, operators may need to dewater the unlined WDI to allow construction or restoration activities to continue. The Draft Guidance advises that operators should confirm and document that no regulated substances have been added or have accumulated in the water and specifies 16 different conditions that should be followed in confirming and documenting such information.

Once a liner is installed and the WDI is filled with surface water, fresh groundwater, or other fluids approved by DEP, maintaining freeboard in the WDI is necessary to ensure its safe operation. The Draft Guidance indicates that the Office of Oil and Gas Management, when necessary, will consider periodic land application from WDIs to maintain freeboard, with a recommendation that a minimum of two feet of freeboard always be maintained in WDIs to prevent the WDI from overflowing. …

Pittsburgh, PA

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Mining

(by Joe Reinhart, Sean McGovern and Christina Puhnaty)

On November 19, 2024, Governor Josh Shapiro signed Executive Order 2024-04 (EO 2024-04) creating the Pennsylvania Permit Fast Track Program (Program). According to its website, the Program “streamlines permitting for high-impact economic development and infrastructure projects in Pennsylvania that require multiple permits from different Commonwealth agencies.” Commw. of Pa., “PA Permit Fast Track Program,” available here. EO 2024-04 states that the Program’s purpose is to “enhance public awareness, collaboration, accountability, coordination, transparency, and predictability in the Commonwealth’s permitting, licensing, and authorizations processes for critical infrastructure projects and projects delivering significant economic development to Pennsylvanians” through a collaborative process between the government and stakeholders. EO 2024-04, § 1.

EO 2024-04 directs the state Office of Transportation and Opportunity to take certain actions to implement the Program. These include: (1) issuing program guidance, offering training, and providing technical assistance to implement the Program; (2) determining if a project is eligible to participate in the Program; (3) providing project management services via coordination with the Governor’s office, e.g., developing coordinated timelines across relevant agencies; and (4) assisting with the online dashboard to inform the public of progress and timelines for designated projects. Id. § 2. Permits that may be fast-tracked under the Program include Chapter 102 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits for Construction Stormwater and Industrial Stormwater, Chapter 105 Permits for water obstructions and/or encroachments, and Air Quality Permits. See Program website. Guidance and current Program projects are also listed on the Program’s website. Id.

EO 2024-04 is just one of the Shapiro administration’s ongoing efforts to improve Pennsylvania’s permit programs. …

Pittsburgh, PA

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Mining

(by Joe Reinhart, Sean McGovern and Christina Puhnaty)

In November 2024, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) submitted to the Pennsylvania Environmental Quality Board (Board) a proposed rule that would establish notification requirements for persons reporting unauthorized discharges to waters of the Commonwealth under 25 Pa. Code § 91.33. Section 91.33 currently requires the person responsible for an unauthorized discharge to immediately notify PADEP if a discharge results in pollution, creates a danger of pollution of the waters of the Commonwealth, or would damage property. PADEP’s proposed rule references 40 C.F.R. § 117.3 to identify a list of reportable substances and quantities that require immediate PADEP notification if discharged into waters of the Commonwealth and outlines five categories of factors for consideration when determining if an unauthorized discharge does not require immediate PADEP notification. Those five categories are:

1. properties of the substance or substances involved;
2. location or locations involved;
3. weather conditions before, during and after the incident;
4. presence and implementation of adequate response plans, procedures or protocols; and
5. duration of the accident or other activity or incident.

PADEP’s preamble to the proposed rule provides that

[i]f any single one of the following factors, or a combination of the factors, can adequately establish that there is no risk of the substance reaching waters of the Commonwealth, no further analysis of the other considerations is necessary to determine that immediate Department notification is not required. This may be the case when a spill occurs into secondary containment or where a spill response plan is used to immediately capture all of a substance with low mobility. …

Pittsburgh, PA

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Mining

(by Joe Reinhart, Sean McGovern and Christina Puhnaty)

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) issued a final rule correcting an inconsistency between the noncoal mining regulations in 25 Pa. Code ch. 77 and the storage, handling, and use of explosives regulations in 25 Pa. Code ch. 211. Noncoal mine operators are required to conduct blasting operations with explosives in compliance with these two chapters. Chapter 211 provides that when explosives are being loaded into drill holes ahead of a blast, the blast site plus a buffer zone of 50 feet around the blast site must be cleared of all persons and equipment except those necessary to prepare for the blast. Prior language at 25 Pa. Code § 77.564(g)(7), however, required “work within a radius of 50 feet of the blast area” to cease, which PADEP determined resulted in “a larger disruption of activities at a noncoal mine than is necessary to ensure mine worker and public safety, which was not intended and is not consistent with the same safety requirements in Chapter 211.” Exec. Summary, Final-Omitted Rulemaking: Blast Site Clarification for Noncoal Mining Operations (Nov. 12, 2024). PADEP has revised section 77.564(g)(7) to resolve this inconsistency by replacing the term “blast area” (defined in 25 Pa. Code § 211.101 as “the area around the blast site that must be cleared and secured to prevent injury to persons and damage to property”) with “blast site” (defined in section 211.101 as “the specific location where the explosives charges are loaded into the blast holes”).

Copyright © 2025, The Foundation for Natural Resources and Energy Law, Westminster, Colorado

Pittsburgh, PA and Washington, DC

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Oil & Gas

(Joseph K. Reinhart, Sean M. McGovern, Gina F. Buchman and Matthew C. Wood)

On November 21, 2024, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) notified the Clean Air Council (CAC) and Environmental Integrity Project (EIP) that the agency had reviewed their rulemaking petition requesting amendments to 25 Pa. Code Chapter 78a and determined that it complies with the petition policy of the Environmental Quality Board (EQB). Letter from PADEP (Nov. 21, 2024). Specifically, in October 2024, CAC and EIP submitted a rulemaking petition to increase the minimum setback distances from unconventional oil and gas wells to 3,281 feet from any building and drinking water well; 5,280 feet from any building serving vulnerable populations, e.g., schools, daycare centers, and hospitals; and 750 feet from any surface water of the Commonwealth. See Clean Air Council and Environmental Integrity Project Petition (Oct. 22, 2024) (Petition). Current setback requirements include 500 feet from buildings and 1,000 feet from water supply extraction points.

In their petition, CAC and EIP cite the 2020 43rd Statewide Investigating Grand Jury Report (43rd Grand Jury Report) that concluded, among other things, that the Commonwealth “take action to expand the no-drill zone between fracking and homes from 500 to 2,500 feet and to adopt a more protective no-drill zone of 5,000 feet for schools and hospitals.” Petition at 2 (citing the 43rd Grand Jury Report at 93–94). They also allege that the people living near unconventional oil and gas wells experience negative health consequences, that the wells release dangerous pollution, and the wells contaminate surface and groundwater, and for these reasons, the EQB should increase the minimum setbacks to protect public health and public resources. …

Pittsburgh, PA and Washington, DC

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Oil & Gas

(Joseph K. Reinhart, Sean M. McGovern, Gina F. Buchman and Matthew C. Wood)

On October 30, 2024, the Shapiro administration announced that Secretary for Administration Neil Weaver and the Commonwealth Office of Digital Experience (CODE PA) had launched a new tool to assist stakeholders in learning more about and applying for grants under the more than 300 state grant programs. Press Release, Pa. Office of Admin., “Shapiro Administration Launches New One-Stop Grant Search Tool to Streamline Pennsylvanians’ Access to Government Funding Opportunities” (Oct. 30, 2024). According to the administration, the “Discover State Grants” website is intended to be a comprehensive resource that allows prospective applicants to sort and filter information specific to their needs and will provide links and important information about each grant program to assist in the application process. Id.

The administration said it is working to increase participation in grant programs and “level the playing field for state and federal dollars to benefit communities, small businesses, schools, non-profits, and many others across Pennsylvania.” Id. The website lists numerous grant categories that cover a wide swathe of subcategories, including grants specifically related to the oil and gas industry. For example, grants recently or currently offered under the energy category include the Methane Emissions Reduction Program General Assistance Grant (for operators of 11 or more wells), Methane Emissions Reduction Program Small Operator Assistance Grant (for operators of 10 or fewer wells), and Orphan Oil and Gas Well Plugging Grant Program (for qualified well pluggers). Other categories include Environmental and Water, Law, Justice, and Legal Services, and Transportation.  …

Pittsburgh, PA and Washington, DC

FNREL Mineral and Energy Law Newsletter

Pennsylvania – Oil & Gas

(Joseph K. Reinhart, Sean M. McGovern, Gina F. Buchman and Matthew C. Wood)

In November 2024, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) released guidance regarding its Reducing Industrial Sector Emissions in Pennsylvania (RISE PA) program. RISE PA is an industrial decarbonization grant program funded by a $396-million award through the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act’s Climate Pollution Reduction Grants. The grants seek to fund activities that will reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector by over 8 million metric tons by 2050. Eligible projects must reduce GHG emissions through industrial electrification, energy efficiency technologies, industrial process technologies, fugitive emission reduction technologies, switching to low-carbon fuels, onsite renewable energy technologies, carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies, or other technologies to qualify (as determined by RISE PA). PADEP is offering grants for Small-, Medium-, and Large-scale decarbonization projects. The Small-scale award track will only be available to small- and medium-sized manufacturers (500 or fewer employees at the plant site). There is no minimum GHG emissions reduction threshold for Small-scale projects, but the amount of GHG emissions reduction will be considered during the evaluation process. For Medium- and Large-scale grants, applicants must achieve at least a 20% annual facility-wide reduction in GHG emissions per project. Small-scale projects will be eligible for up to $40 million, Medium-scale projects up to $100 million, and Large-scale projects up to $220 million. PADEP plans to begin accepting applications in early 2025, with application review and selection anticipated to begin in the middle of the year.

The future of the program, however, is now uncertain. …

Washington, DC and Pittsburgh, PA

The Drill Bit Magazine

(by Sloane Wildman, Joseph Schaeffer and Jessica Deyoe)

The final year of the Biden administration saw several significant developments related to the regulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, more commonly known as PFAS. These developments included the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s designation of the two most common PFAS compounds as hazardous substances under federal cleanup laws and its limitation of six PFAS compounds under federal drinking water regulations, among others. The past year also saw a growing number of PFAS-related lawsuits, which are currently in various stages of litigation. What could happen to all these developments in 2025? Can the Trump administration change these rules and policies? What about the numerous PFAS related lawsuits that have been filed in the past year?  This update takes a look at some of the more significant PFAS-related developments from the past year and considers what might happen in 2025 and beyond.

What are PFAS and what were the prior administration’s PFAS priorities?

The term “PFAS” encompasses thousands of manmade chemicals.  PFAS compounds have been widely used for decades in various applications, including manufacturing water-, stain-, and heat-resistant consumer products, e.g., waterproof clothing and food packaging, and as ingredients in aqueous film forming foams (known as AFFF) used to extinguish certain kinds of chemical fires. There is research indicating that exposure to certain PFAS, which are prevalent and persistent in the environment, may cause various health-related impacts. In an effort to address the impacts related to PFAS, in 2021, the Biden administration published a “PFAS Strategic Roadmap: EPA’s Commitments to Action 2021-2024” identifying a number of regulatory priorities that the administration planned to take during its four-year term. …

Pittsburgh, PA

Pittsburgh Technology Council

(by Chris Farmakis, Susanna Bagdasarova, Kate Cooper, and Dane Fennell)

Amid a series of ongoing legal battles, the beneficial ownership information (BOI) reporting requirements under the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) have been reinstated. In light of the U.S. Supreme Court’s January 23, 2025 order in McHenry v. Texas Top Cop Shop Inc., which granted the government’s request for a stay of a nationwide injunction in a separate case challenging the BOI reporting requirements, on February 17, 2025, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas granted the government’s motion to stay the preliminary injunction issued in Smith v. United States Department of the Treasury. As a result, U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is no longer prohibited from enforcing the CTA’s BOI reporting requirements, and reporting companies’ compliance obligations have resumed. This ruling is pending an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

FinCEN has announced a 30-day deadline extension for reporting companies. The new deadline for the majority of reporting companies to file an initial, updated, and/or corrected BOI report is March 21, 2025. FinCEN has also indicated that it will assess the need for further modifications to the reporting deadlines during this 30-day extension period, with a focus on lower-risk entities.

In parallel, BOI reporting requirements are receiving legislative attention. The Protect Small Business from Excessive Paperwork Act of 2025 unanimously passed the U.S. House of Representatives and a companion bill is awaiting action in the Senate. If enacted, reporting companies formed before January 1, 2025 will have until January 1, 2026 to comply with the BOI reporting requirements. …

Pittsburgh, PA

PIOGA Press

(by Steve Antonelli and Alex Farone)

The new presidential administration’s efforts to prioritize immigration law enforcement has resulted in increased activity by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and an uptick of questions from employers about how to handle ICE investigations. This Alert provides guidance to employers for potential interactions with or inspections by ICE at the workplace, including preliminary actions, suggested steps during an ICE visit (whether announced or unannounced), and follow-up recommendations.

There is a common misconception that only employers that specifically seek or intentionally hire unauthorized workers are at risk of a visit from ICE. However, there are multiple avenues by which a generally law-abiding employer may find itself unknowingly employing an unauthorized worker. For example, an individual may have presented the employer with fraudulent documentation for the Form I-9 employment eligibility verification, and the employer may not have realized the document was inauthentic. Or an employer may have lawfully hired a noncitizen with proper employment paperwork but later may forget to reverify the worker’s Form I-9; in this instance, the individual’s work authorization could lapse or expire without the employer noticing.

To the extent an employer’s office or work facility is private property, employers have certain legal rights when faced with an ICE arrival. Employers should become familiar with their rights and best practices in the event of an ICE visit to minimize the risk of inordinate disruption to the workforce or operations, or the unauthorized seizure of company property and information. Employers should seek to balance (1) lawful compliance and cooperation with (2) private property rights and a general duty of care for employees.

Babst Calland recognizes that the topics of immigration enforcement and undocumented persons have been politicized. …

Washington, DC and Pittsburgh, PA

PIOGA Press

(by Ben Clapp, Gary Steinbauer, Mackenzie Moyer, Christina Puhnaty and Alexandra Graf)

On January 20, 2025, the Trump administration issued a suite of Executive Orders and memoranda signaling a dramatic shift in American energy and environmental policy.  Collectively these actions, among a historically large array of “Day One” orders issued by the administration, aim to stimulate domestic energy production (with a focus on oil, natural gas, coal, hydropower, biofuels, critical minerals, and nuclear energy resources), expand energy transmission infrastructure, enlarge refining capacity, and streamline environmental permitting and review requirements for energy production and infrastructure projects while canceling Biden-era domestic climate policies, disengaging from international climate agreements, and curtailing leasing and permitting for offshore and onshore wind energy projects.

In conjunction with these Executive Orders and memoranda, the Trump administration carried out a sweeping revocation of Biden-era Executive Orders, including orders relating to energy policy and environmental regulation, climate initiatives, promoting electric vehicles, environmental justice, the withdrawal of areas of the Outer Continental Shelf from oil and gas leasing, and the implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

President Trump also issued a Day One memorandum implementing a regulatory freeze requiring agencies to refrain from proposing or issuing any new rule and withdraw rules that have been finalized but not yet been published in the Federal Register, until those rules are approved by the new agency head. The memorandum also directs agency heads to consider postponing for 60 days the effective date of any rules that have been published or issued but have not taken effect, for the purpose of reviewing any questions of fact, law, and policy that the rules may raise.  …